Bhagavān Kṛṣṇa now strengthens Arjuna’s confidence. Arjuna may wonder, “If I remain in the middle of responsibility, family life, and social duty, can I really attain mokṣa? Must I run away from action to become spiritual?” Bhagavān answers by giving the example of Janaka and others.

Janakādayaḥ means Janaka and similar royal gṛhasthas, such as Aśvapati and Ajātaśatru. They did not abandon responsibility and run away from life. They remained in society, fulfilled their duties, purified their minds through karma-yoga, gained Self-knowledge, and attained liberation. Some of them were not only jñānīs but also teachers of Brahma-vidyā. This proves that spirituality is possible in gṛhasthāśrama when life is lived properly.

The phrase karmaṇā eva should not be misunderstood to mean that karma directly produces mokṣa. The earlier teaching remains: karma-yoga purifies the mind; jñāna-yoga gives Self-knowledge; Self-knowledge gives mokṣa. Here the point is that one can remain in a life of duties and still travel the full spiritual path. Responsibility need not be an obstacle when converted into karma-yoga.

Then Bhagavān introduces another reason to act: lokasaṅgraha. This means the welfare, protection, guidance, and upliftment of society. Even if a person is spiritually mature, action may continue for the sake of others. People learn more from what great people do than from what they merely say. A responsible person’s life becomes a model.

Therefore, Bhagavān says to Arjuna: do not use spirituality as an escape from duty. Janaka and others attained liberation while fulfilling responsibilities. And even if you think of the welfare of society, you ought to act. As a kṣatriya, your action protects social order. Your withdrawal would confuse people and weaken dharma.