arjunaviṣādayogaḥ · 1.17

Five Pāṇḍava Allies Sound Forth

काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः(श्) शिखण्डी च महारथः ।

धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः ॥१.१७॥

0:00—:——

kāśyaśca parameṣvāsaḥ(sh) śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ ।

dhṛṣṭadyumno virāṭaśca sātyakiścāparājitaḥ ॥

"The great archer Kāśya, the mahāratha Śikhaṇḍī, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, Virāṭa, and the undefeated Sātyaki also blew their conches."

Verse illustration

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The orderly Pāṇḍava conch response continues. Kṛṣṇa, Arjuna, Bhīma, Yudhiṣṭhira, Nakula, and Sahadeva have already been mentioned. Now other important warriors on the Pāṇḍava side are named.

The first is Kāśyaḥ, the king of Kāśī. He is described as parameṣvāsaḥ. Iṣvāsa means bow, and parama means great or excellent. So parameṣvāsaḥ means one who possesses a great bow, a great archer. This shows that Kāśya is not an ordinary ally. He is a powerful archer standing on the Pāṇḍava side.

Then comes Śikhaṇḍī. He is called mahārathaḥ, a great warrior. This title is significant. A mahāratha is not just a brave fighter. It is a high battlefield title given to one with extraordinary capacity. Śikhaṇḍī is especially important because he was born for the fall of Bhīṣma. Later, he will become instrumental in Bhīṣma’s defeat.

Next is Dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ. He is the son of Drupada and the commander of the Pāṇḍava army. Earlier, Duryodhana had already pointed to him as the one who arranged the Pāṇḍava army formation. Now he is included among those sounding the Pāṇḍava conches.

Then Virāṭaḥ is named. He is the king of Matsya, the ruler in whose kingdom the Pāṇḍavas lived during their incognito year. He too stands with the Pāṇḍavas in this war.

Finally comes Sātyakiḥ, described as aparājitaḥ, undefeated. Sātyaki, also known as Yuyudhāna, is a powerful warrior on the Pāṇḍava side. The adjective aparājitaḥ means one who has not been defeated.

This shloka continues the contrast with the Kaurava tumulaḥ sound. The Kaurava sound was described as a confused tumult. The Pāṇḍava response is different. Each warrior is named, and each has a clear identity: Kāśya the great archer, Śikhaṇḍī the mahāratha, Dhṛṣṭadyumna the commander, Virāṭa the king, and Sātyaki the undefeated. This is not a mass of noise. It is an ordered response by distinct warriors.